Simple , also called monosaccharides, include glucose, fructose, and galactose. Compound sugars, also called disaccharides or double sugars, are molecules compose of two monosaccharides join by a glycosidic bond.
Starch is a glucose polymer found in plants, and is the most abundant source of energy in human food. Some other chemical substances, such as glycerol and sugar alcohols, may have a sweet taste, but are not classified as sugar.
Honey and fruit are abundant natural sources of unbounded simple sugars.
Sucrose is especially concentrated in sugarcane and sugar beet, making them ideal for efficient commercial extraction to make refined sugar. In 2016, the combined world production of those two crops was about two billion tonnes.
Maltose may be produce by malting grain. Lactose is the only sugar that cannot be extract from plants.
It can only be founde in milk, including human breast milk, and in some dairy products.
A cheap source of sugar is corn syrup, industrially produced by converting corn starch into sugars, such as maltose, fructose and glucose.
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